Scoliosis is a deformation of the spine, that is, a deviation of it, which can vary from mild (10-25 degrees) to severe (> 40 degrees). Scoliosis affects the joints, muscles and surrounding organs such as the shoulders, ribs, hips and lungs. Over time, the rib cage becomes less mobile and makes breathing more difficult.

In most cases, scoliosis is idiopathic, that is, the reason for its occurrence remains unknown. Scoliosis usually progresses over time and often leads to increased curvature and twisting of the spine.

Scoliosis is more common in women than in men and most often presents in young adolescents during growth.

In some cases, scoliosis is hereditary and forms during the development of the fetus. It is also present in neuromuscular conditions such as spina bifida or cerebral palsy. Progressive degeneration of the spine, such as arthritis, can lead to scoliosis in older people.